Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jul 1994
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994spie.2160...63b&link_type=abstract
Proc. SPIE Vol. 2160, p. 63-73, Superconductive Devices and Circuits, Robert A. Buhrman; John T. Clarke; Ken Daly; Roger H. Koch
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Scientific paper
At the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, we have been developing expertise in the construction of high-frequency heterodyne receivers using SIS junctions as their first mixing elements. This research has been carried out in support of the Submillimeter Array (SMA), a radio interferometer soon to be built on Mauna Kea that will require multiple reciever systems at a number of bands between 177 GHz and 920 GHz. In this paper, we describe research on the fabrication of all-refractory SIS junctions. To be useful as high-frequency mixers, SIS junctions must have small area and high critical current density. At the lower SMA frequencies, Nb/Al-Oxide/Nb ahs proven to be an ideal material system, and optical photolithography has sufficient resolution for junction definition. At the higher frequencies, NbN/MgO/NbN may enjoy an advantage due to its larger energy gap, and electron-beam lithography may be necessary for defining junctions much smaller than one micron in size. We report good initial results for Nb/Al-Oxide/Nb junctions, fabricated using a self-aligned optical technique, with area $AP 0.5 micrometers 2 and critical current density $AP 10,000 Amp/cm2.
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