CCD Positions for the Outer Planets in 1996-1997 Determined in the Extragalactic Reference Frame

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Astrometry, Planets And Satellites: Individual: Uranus, Planets And Satellites: Individual (Neptune, Pluto)

Scientific paper

This paper presents 316 new equatorial positions for the planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto obtained in 1996-1997 with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT). All the positions were determined in the extragalactic reference frame using CCD observations and are accurate to ~+/-0.2" in each coordinate. When these positions are compared with the latest JPL ephemerides (DE405), there is generally good agreement between the observed and calculated positions for these planets. In particular, the offset in the declination of Pluto (Deltadelta ~ 0.1") is no longer evident, and consequently, the DE405 is obviously an improvement over its predecessor, the DE403, in that respect. There appears to be a small offset, ~0.09", however, in the right ascensions of Uranus, which might be accidental or caused by errors in the FASTT observed or DE405 calculated ephemeris positions; future observations are planned to clarify this issue. With the release of the Hipparcos, Tycho, and ACT catalogs of extremely accurate reference star positions, it is now possible for telescopes, such as the FASTT, to determine the positions of planets and their satellites directly in the international celestial reference frame (ICRF) with greatly improved accuracy (~+/-0.06") in each coordinate. All future FASTT observations will be made in this manner, and the FASTT observing program will be expanded to include satellites of planets as well.

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