Misleading proper motions of galactic objects at the microarcsecond level

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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International Celestial Reference System

Scientific paper

At the microarcsecond (muas) level of accuracy of observations foreseen by the GAIA program the effects of the curvature of stellar orbits around the center of the Galaxy cannot be neglected. The curvature of the Solar system barycentric motion induces a time dependent component of the aberration which reaches in some regions of the sky 4 muas per year. In the case of stars it is combined with a similar effect due to the curvature of the galactocentric orbit of the star which may reach 600 muas per year for a star situated at 50 parsecs from the center of the Galaxy and much larger closer to it. The formulae permitting to compute these aparent proper motions are given together with the maps describing this effect within the Galaxy. They disappear if one uses a galactocentric rather than a barycentric reference frame. The advantages and difficulties of this frame are discussed.

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