From Interstellar Matter to Comets: A Laboratory View

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Comets formed in the cold outer parts of the Solar System provide a record of pristine material from the parent interstellar cloud. The investigation of outgassing curves from bright comets has provided a crude link with abundances of interstellar ices and gas phase molecules formed in dense interstellar clouds. However cometary nuclei being porous and stratified in various layers of different densities and temperatures show outgassing properties which can not always be reconciled with the materials present in parent interstellar clouds. Ices and silicates are the crucial components which can be studied through astronomical observations and through laboratory simulations. The structure of the nuclear ice component which may have different coexisting ice phases clathrates and trapped gases will determine the cometary outgassing properties. The bulk of cosmic carbon in the interstellar medium comets and meteorites seems to be incorporated into complex aromatic networks which are difficult to observe and to identify spectroscopically. However recent measurements of the macromolecular structure and soluble species of carbonaceous meteorites provide a powerful tool to investigate the link of small bodies in the Solar System. We present in this paper results from laboratory ice simulations and the analysis of the carbon fraction of meteoritic samples.

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