Astrometry from earth and space

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Astrometry, Space Observations (From Earth), Spaceborne Astronomy, Hipparcos Satellite, Interferometers, Refracting Telescopes, Stellar Motions

Scientific paper

Techniques and instruments involved in the measurement of star positions are discussed together with recent achievements in the areas of small-field astrometry and global astrometry. The principles of operation of the CERGA's stellar interferometer under construction in the Alps, the multichannel astrometric photometer developed for the Allegheny Observatory's 30-in refractor, and, particularly, of the ESA's Hipparcos satellite are described. The Hipparcos, launched on August 8, 1989, spins once every two hours. The spin axis, directed 43 deg from the sun, precesses around the satellite-to-sun direction every 57 days. During the mission's lifetime, this complex motion will cause the satellite to scan each program star along many different great-circle paths, yielding a reference frame far freer of systematic bias than any obtainable on earth. A diagram of the Hipparcos's optics is included.

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