Discovery with XMM/Newton Of Quasiperiodic Variability In The Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 5408 X-1

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

We report the discovery with XMM-Newton of a 20 mHz quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) in the 0.2 - 5 keV X-ray flux from the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1. EPIC-PN data reveal a QPO with an average amplitude (rms) of 9%, and a coherence of approximately 10. A powerlaw noise component with slope near 1 is present below 0.1 Hz with some evidence for a break to a flatter slope at about 3 mHz. The source shows substantial variability, with a total amplitude (rms) of about 30% in the 0.1 - 100 mHz frequency band. The sources broad band variability (both its form and strength) is somewhat reminiscent of Galactic black holes in the low - hard state, but its energy spectrum is not. A connection with the very-high states of Galactic systems may be more appropriate. NGC 5408 X-1 is now the 2nd ULX to show QPOs in the 10 - 100 mHz range (along with the M82 ULX). Interestingly, the power spectra of these two objects are roughly similar, but with M82 scaled up in frequency by a factor of a few. We discuss our results in the context of models for ULXs, and their implications for the object's mass.

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