Gamma Ray Bursts and Bursters

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Major advances and discoveries in the field of gamma-ray bursts are being made at an increasingly fast pace in the last two years. The discovery of X-ray, optical and radio afterglows, which were predicted by theory, has made possible the identification of host galaxies at cosmological distances. The energy release inferred in these outbursts rivals that of supernovae, while its photon energy output may considerably exceed it. Current models envisage this to be the outcome of a cataclysmic stellar event leading to a relativistically expanding fireball, in which particles are accelerated at shocks and produce nonthermal radiation. We discuss the possible progenitors and their energetics, the issue of the location and the effects of the environment on the properties of the burst, and review the theoretical challenges posed by the observations. The enigma of gamma-ray bursts is beginning to unravel, under the impact of superb recent discoveries from CGRO, Beppo-SAX, HST, ASCA, RXTE and ground-based observations of afterglows at X-ray, optical and radio wavelengths, as well as recent reports of distance measurements which place them at cosmological distances.

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