Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Aug 2000
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2000mpse.conf....9b&link_type=abstract
International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration, p. 9
Computer Science
Sound
Volcanoes, Floors, Topography, Iceland, Calderas, Craters, Radio Echoes
Scientific paper
The bedrock topography of the MyrdalsjoEkull ice cap has been mapped with radio echo-soundings. The ice cap is located at the southern tip of the eastern volcanic zone in Iceland, which is propagating southwards. The ice cap is underlain by a huge caldera that has erupted 20 times during the last 1100 years. The rims of the caldera encircle an area of 110 sq km. The caldera is 600 to 750 m deep; the lowest elevation of the floor is 650 m. a. s. 1. and the highest rims rise to 1400 m. Three outlet glaciers have eroded 300 to 500 m deep breaches in the crater rim. The difference in morphology between the northern and southern caldera floor may reflect the level of subglacial volcanic activity. The northern floor is deeper and more level (an area of 25 sq km below 800 m) whereas the southern floor is more rugged and elevated (subglacial ridges and mounts rise above 1100 m surrounded by depressions down to 750 m). A row of craters, trending north-northwest, is seen 2 km within the eastern rim of the caldera. The last eruption site (of 1918 A.D.) is situated at the eastern part of the caldera, beneath 400 m thick ice. A number of ridges radiate out from the caldera, however, none towards south. One ridge strikes west towards the neighboring volcano Eyjafjallajoekull and a second ridge strikes east from the eastern rim of the caldera. Ridges also radiate towards northwest, north, and northeast from the caldera. A linear depression, bounded by steep slopes, 150 m deep and 1.5 km wide, strikes NE towards the volcanic fissure Eldgja which produced a lava flow of 14 cubic km in 930 A.D. Presently, geothermal activity is displayed by twelve small depressions in the glacier surface (of diameter up to 1 km). Melt water is accumulated beneath two or three of these cauldrons and frequently drained in small outburst floods (joekulhlaups). From an area of 70 sq km within the caldera, melt water is drained down to Myrdalssandur, as did 18 of 20 recorded joekulhlaups in historical times; from 20 sq km down to Solheimasandur as two of the joekulhlaups; the third route was taken by a joekulhaup in 1600 B.P.
Björnsson Helgi
Gudmundsson Magnús T.
Pálsson Finnur
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