Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2007-09-01
AIP Conf.Proc.919:74-121,2007
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
48 pages, 33 figures, Lecture notes, download pdf-file of superior quality figures from http://www3.kis.uni-freiburg.de/~stein
Scientific paper
10.1063/1.2756784
In the first part of these lecture notes, new high-resolution observations of small-scale magnetic flux concentrations are presented and compared to results from new three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Special attention is paid to the physics of faculae and to new three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the integral layers from the top of the convection zone to the mid-chromosphere. The second part is devoted to a few basic properties of magnetic flux tubes, which can be considered to be an abstraction of the more complicated flux concentrations known from observations and numerical simulations. We treat electrical current sheets, the mechanical equilibrium condition at magnetic interfaces, the equations for constructing a magnetohydrostatic flux tube embedded in a gravitationally stratified atmosphere, the condition of radiative equilibrium, and the condition for interchange stability.
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