Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2006-12-02
Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys.59:94-113,2007
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
10 pages, 13 figures; Paper presented at the International School Of Nuclear Physics, 28th Course: Radioactive Beams, Nuclear
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.ppnp.2006.12.008
A forefront area of research concerns the exploration of the properties of hadronic matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density, and the determination of the equation of state--the relation between pressure, temperature and density--of such matter. Experimentally, relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments enable physicists to cast a brief glance at hot and ultra-dense matter for times as little as about $10^{-22}$ seconds. Complementary to this, the matter that exists in the cores of neutron stars, observed as radio pulsars, X-ray pulsars, and magnetars, is at low temperatures but compressed permanently to ultra-high densities that may be more than an order of magnitude higher than the density of atomic nuclei. This makes pulsars superb astrophysical laboratories for medium and high-energy nuclear physics, as discussed in this paper.
Negreiros Rodrigo
Rosenfield Philip
Stejner Morten
Weber Fridolin
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