X-ray Novae and the Evidence for Black Hole Event Horizons

Details X-ray Novae and the Evidence for Black Hole Event Horizons X-ray Novae and the Evidence for Black Hole Event Horizons

2001-07-19

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0107387v2

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Invited review, to appear in Proc. IX Marcel Grossmann Meeting, eds. V. Gurzadyan, R. Jantzen and R. Ruffini, Singapore: World

Scientific paper

We discuss new observations of X-ray novae which provide strong evidence that black holes have event horizons. Optical observations of 13 X-ray novae indicate that these binary stars contain collapsed objects too heavy to be stable neutron stars. The objects have been identified as black hole candidates. X-ray observations of several of these X-ray novae in quiescence with the Chandra X-ray Observatory show that the systems are approximately 100 times fainter than nearly identical X-ray novae containing neutron stars. The advection-dominated accretion flow model provides a natural explanation for the difference. In this model, the accreting gas reaches the accretor at the center with a large amount of thermal energy. If the accretor is a black hole, the thermal energy will disappear through the event horizon, and the object will be very dim. If the accretor is a neutron star or any other object with a surface, the energy will be radiated from the surface, and the object will be bright. We discuss alternate interpretations of the data that eliminate the need for advection-dominated accretion. Most of these alternatives still require an event horizon to explain the unusually low X-ray luminosities of the black hole candidates. Some of the alternatives are also inconsistent with observations.

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