Supercritical holes

Mathematics – Dynamical Systems

Scientific paper

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13 pages, 1 figure

Scientific paper

For a map $S: X\to X$ and an open set $H\subset X$ we define $J_H(S)$ to be the set of points in $X$ whose $S$-orbit avoids $H$. We say that a hole $H_0$ is supercritical if (i) for any hole $H$ such that $\bar{H_0}\subset H$ the set $J_H(S)$ is either empty or contains only fixed points of $S$; (ii) for any hole $H$ such that $\barH\subset H_0$ the Hausdorff dimension of $J_H(S)$ is positive. The purpose of this note is to show that for any $\beta\in(1,2]$ there exists a continuum of supercritical holes for the $\beta$-transformation which are naturally parametrized by Sturmian words. We also prove that any cyclic Pisot automorphism of a torus has a supercritical hole (subject to a standard number-theoretic conjecture). Furthermore, we show that a supercritical hole can be arbitrarily large. Our methods are symbolic in nature.

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