Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2005-09-16
Astrophys.J.632:L21-L24,2005
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
11 pages, 3 figures; ApJ Letters accepted; final version: small typos corrected in order to match published version
Scientific paper
10.1086/497634
Gradual shear acceleration of energetic particles in gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets is considered. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of universal structured jets, and characteristic acceleration timescales are determined for a power-law and a Gaussian evolution of the bulk flow Lorentz factor $\gamma_b$ with angle $\phi$ from the jet axis. The results suggest that local power-law particle distributions may be generated and that higher energy particles are generally concentrated closer to the jet axis. Taking several constraints into account we show that efficient electron acceleration in gradual shear flows, with maximum particle energy successively decreasing with time, may be possible on scales larger than $r \sim 10^{15}$ cm, provided the jet magnetic field becomes sufficiently weak and/or decreases rapidly enough with distance, while efficient acceleration of protons to ultra-high energies $> 10^{20}$ eV may be possible under a wide range of conditions.
Duffy Peter
Rieger Frank M.
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