Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
2011-12-20
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
6 pages, essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2011 Awards for Essays on Gravitation, Received Honorable Mention
Scientific paper
We derive an uncertainty relation for the energy density and pressure of a quantum scalar field in a time-dependent, homogeneous and isotropic, classical background, which implies the existence of large fluctuations comparable to their vacuum expectation values. A similar uncertainty relation is known to hold for the field square since the field can be viewed as a Gaussian random variable. We discuss possible implications of these results for the reheating process in scalar field driven inflationary models, where reheating is achieved by the decay of the coherently oscillating inflaton field. Specifically we argue that the evolution after backreaction can seriously be altered by the existence of these fluctuations. For example, in one model the coherence of the inflaton oscillations is found to be completely lost in a very short time after backreaction starts. Therefore we argue that entering a smooth phase in thermal equilibrium is questionable in such models and reheating might destroy the smoothness attained by inflation.
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