Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
1998-09-28
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
9 pages, 2 figures, paper presented at the workshop on Solar Composition and its Evolution - From Core to Corona, Berne, 26-30
Scientific paper
10.1023/A:1005136702891
Element settling inside the Sun now becomes detectable from the comparison of the observed oscillation modes with the results of the theoretical models. This settling is due, not only to gravitation, but also to thermal diffusion and radiative acceleration (although this last effect is small compared to the two others). It leads to abundance variations of helium and heavy elements of $\cong 10%$ below the convective zone. Although not observable from spectroscopy, such variations lead to non-negligible modifications of the solar internal structure and evolution. Helioseismology is a powerful tool to detect such effects, and its positive results represent a great success for the theory of stellar evolution. Meanwhile, evidences are obtained that the element settling is slightly smoothed down, probably due to mild macroscopic motions below the convective zone. Additional observations of the abundances of both Solar $^7$Li and $^3$He lead to specific constraints on these particular motions.
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