Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2006-03-16
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Published in "IAU Symp. 228: From Lithium to Uranium: Elemental Tracers of Early Cosmic Evolution", ed. V. Hill, P. Francois,
Scientific paper
10.1017/S1743921305005843
The abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars provide us with important information on nucleosynthesis in supernovae (SNe) formed in a Pop III or EMP environment, and thus on the nature of the first stars in the Universe. We review nucleosynthesis yields of various types of those SNe, focusing on core-collapse (black-hole-forming) SNe with various progenitor masses, explosion energies (including Hypernovae), and asphericity. We discuss the implications of the observed trends in the abundance ratios among iron-peak elements, and the large C/Fe ratio observed in certain EMP stars with particular attention to recently discovered hyper metal-poor (HMP) stars. We show that the abundance pattern of the HMP stars with [Fe/H] < -5 and other EMP stars are in good accord with those of black-hole-forming supernovae, but not pair-instability supernovae. This suggests that black-hole-forming supernovae made important contributions to the early Galactic (and cosmic) chemical evolution. Finally we discuss the nature of First (Pop III) Stars.
Kobayashi Chiaki
Nomoto Ken'ichi
Tominaga Nozomu
Umeda Hideyuki
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