Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2002-04-13
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
14 pages, 13 figures, he_symp; to be published in Proceedings of the 270. Heraeus Seminar on Neutron Stars, Pulsars and Supern
Scientific paper
Cooling of neutron stars (NSs) with the cores composed of neutrons, protons, and electrons is analyzed. The main cooling regulators are discussed: opening of direct Urca process in a NS central kernel; superfluidity of nucleons in NS interiors; surface layers of light (accreted) elements; strong surface magnetic fields. An emphasis is paid on the cooling scenario with strong $^1$S$_0$ pairing of protons and weak $^3$P$_2$ pairing of neutrons in the NS core, as well as strong $^1$S$_0$ pairing of neutrons in the NS crust. The theory predicts three types of isolated cooling middle-aged NSs with distinctly different properties: low-mass, slowly cooling NSs; medium-mass, moderately cooling NSs; massive, rapidly cooling NSs. The theory is compared with observations of isolated NSs -- pulsars and radio quiet NSs in supernova remnants. The constraints on physical properties of NSs which can be inferred from such a comparison are outlined.
Gnedin Oleg Yuri
Kaminker A. D.
Potekhin Alexander Y.
Yakovlev Dmitry G.
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