Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
2012-04-19
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
15 pages, 1 figure
Scientific paper
We show that in imaginary time quantum metric fluctuations of empty space form a self-consistent De Sitter gravitational instanton that can be thought of as describing the tunneling from "nothing" into De Sitter space of real time (no cosmological constant or scalar fields are needed). The first time, this mechanism is activated to give birth to a flat inflationary Universe. The second time, it is turned on to complete cosmological evolution of the Universe after energy density of matter drops below the threshold (energy density of instantons). An accelerated expansion takes over after the scale factor exceeds this threshold, which marks the birth of dark energy at the redshift 1+z=1.44 and provides a possible solution to the "coincidence problem". The number of gravitons which tunneled into the Universe must be of the order of 10^122 to create the observational value of the Hubble constant. This number has nothing to do with vacuum energy, which is a possible solution to the "old cosmological constant problem". The emptying Universe should possibly complete its evolution by tunneling back to "nothing". After that, the entire scenario is repeated, and it can happen endlessly.
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