Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2000-08-23
Lect.Notes Phys. 556 (2000) 259-300
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
50 latex pages, 14 postscript figures included, considerably updated version of Lectures given at Mexican School of Astrophysi
Scientific paper
The origin of cosmic rays is one of the major unresolved astrophysical questions. In particular, the highest energy cosmic rays observed possess macroscopic energies and their origin is likely to be associated with the most energetic processes in the Universe. Their existence triggered a flurry of theoretical explanations ranging from conventional shock acceleration to particle physics beyond the Standard Model and processes taking place at the earliest moments of our Universe. Furthermore, many new experimental activities promise a strong increase of statistics at the highest energies and a combination with $\gamma-$ray and neutrino astrophysics will put strong constraints on these theoretical models. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations indicate that charged ultra-high energy cosmic rays can also be used as probes of large scale magnetic fields whose origin may open another window into the very early Universe. We give an overview over this quickly evolving research field.
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