Pressure and volume in the first law of black hole thermodynamics

Details Pressure and volume in the first law of black hole thermodynamics Pressure and volume in the first law of black hole thermodynamics

2011-06-30

arxiv.org/abs/1106.6260v3

Class. Quantum Grav. 28 (2011) 235017

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

20 pages, 4 figures, minor typos corrected and references updated in v3

Scientific paper

10.1088/0264-9381/28/23/235017

The mass of a black hole is interpreted, in terms of thermodynamic potentials, as being the enthalpy, with the pressure given by the cosmological constant. The volume is then defined as being the Legendre transform of the pressure and the resulting relation between volume and pressure is explored in the case of positive pressure. A virial expansion is developed and a van der Waals like critical point determined. The first law of black hole thermodynamics includes a PdV term which modifies the maximal efficiency of a Penrose process. It is shown that, in four dimensional space-time with a negative cosmological constant an extremal charged rotating black hole can have an efficiency of up to 75%, while for an electrically neutral rotating back hole this figure is reduced to 52%, compared to the corresponding values of 50% and 29% respectively when the cosmological constant is zero.

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