On the scaling of the chemical distance in long-range percolation models

Details On the scaling of the chemical distance in long-range percolation models On the scaling of the chemical distance in long-range percolation models

2003-04-26

arxiv.org/abs/math/0304418v4

Annals of Probability 2004, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2938-2977

Mathematics

Probability

Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117904000000577 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Ins

Scientific paper

10.1214/009117904000000577

We consider the (unoriented) long-range percolation on Z^d in dimensions d\ge1, where distinct sites x,y\in Z^d get connected with probability p_{xy}\in[0,1]. Assuming p_{xy}=|x-y|^{-s+o(1)} as |x-y|\to\infty, where s>0 and |\cdot| is a norm distance on Z^d, and supposing that the resulting random graph contains an infinite connected component C_{\infty}, we let D(x,y) be the graph distance between x and y measured on C_{\infty}. Our main result is that, for s\in(d,2d), D(x,y)=(\log|x-y|)^{\Delta+o(1)},\qquad x,y\in C_{\infty}, |x-y|\to\infty, where \Delta^{-1} is the binary logarithm of 2d/s and o(1) is a quantity tending to zero in probability as |x-y|\to\infty. Besides its interest for general percolation theory, this result sheds some light on a question that has recently surfaced in the context of ``small-world'' phenomena. As part of the proof we also establish tight bounds on the probability that the largest connected component in a finite box contains a positive fraction of all sites in the box.

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