The coalescent point process of branching trees and spine decompositions at the first survivor

Details The coalescent point process of branching trees and spine decompositions at the first survivor The coalescent point process of branching trees and spine decompositions at the first survivor

2011-01-12

arxiv.org/abs/1101.2241v2

Mathematics

Probability

40 pages, 2 figures (changes from v1: introduction text, section 4.2, typos)

Scientific paper

We define a quasistationary monotone labelling of Bienaym\`E--Galton--Watson (BGW) genealogies. The genealogy of the current generation backwards in time is uniquely determined by the coalescent point process $(A_i;i\ge 1)$, where $A_i$ is the coalescence time between individuals $i$ and $i+1$. There is a Markov process of point measures $(B_i;i\ge 1)$ keeping track of more ancestral relationships, such that $A_i$ is also the first point mass of $B_i$. We further give an inhomogeneous spine decomposition ending at the first surviving particle of generation $h$ in a plane BGW tree conditioned to survive $h$ generations. The decomposition involves a point measure $\rho$ storing the number of subtrees on the right-hand side of the spine. Under appropriate conditions, we prove convergence of this point measure to a point measure on $\RR_+$ associated with the limiting continuous-state branching process. We prove the associated invariance principle for the coalescent point process, after we discretize the limiting continuous-state population by considering only points with coalescence times greater than $\vareps$. The limiting coalescent point process is the sequence of depths greater than $\vareps$ of the excursions of the height process below some fixed level. In the diffusion case, there are no multiple ancestries and (it is known that) the coalescent point process is a Poisson point process with an explicit intensity measure. The question of characterizing this point process in the presence of multiple repeats as $\vareps\to 0$ remains open.

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