Instabilities of periodic orbits with spatio-temporal symmetries

Details Instabilities of periodic orbits with spatio-temporal symmetries Instabilities of periodic orbits with spatio-temporal symmetries

1997-04-14

arxiv.org/abs/patt-sol/9704002v1

Nonlinearity 11 (1998) 1435-1455

Nonlinear Sciences

Pattern Formation and Solitons

18 pages, 3 figures, TeX, Institute of Physics preprint iopppt.tex and epsf.tex. Submitted to Nonlinearity. mpeg simulations a

Scientific paper

10.1088/0951-7715/11/5/015

Motivated by recent analytical and numerical work on two- and three-dimensional convection with imposed spatial periodicity, we analyse three examples of bifurcations from a continuous group orbit of spatio-temporally symmetric periodic solutions of partial differential equations. Our approach is based on centre manifold reduction for maps, and is in the spirit of earlier work by Iooss (1986) on bifurcations of group orbits of spatially symmetric equilibria. Two examples, two-dimensional pulsating waves (PW) and three-dimensional alternating pulsating waves (APW), have discrete spatio-temporal symmetries characterized by the cyclic groups Z_n, n=2 (PW) and n=4 (APW). These symmetries force the Poincare return map M to be the nth iterate of a map G: M=G^n. The group orbits of PW and APW are generated by translations in the horizontal directions and correspond to a circle and a two-torus, respectively. An instability of pulsating waves can lead to solutions that drift along the group orbit, while bifurcations with Floquet multiplier +1 of alternating pulsating waves do not lead to drifting solutions. The third example we consider, alternating rolls, has the spatio-temporal symmetry of alternating pulsating waves as well as being invariant under reflections in two vertical planes. When the bifurcation breaks these reflections, the map G has a "two-symmetry", as analysed by Lamb (1996). This leads to a doubling of the marginal Floquet multiplier and the possibility of bifurcation to two distinct types of drifting solutions.

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