Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
2009-07-26
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D20:233-252,2011
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
20 pages, 5 figures, Major revision,Submitted to the IJMPD
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0218271811018743
Adopting the thin-layer improved brick-wall method, we investigate the thermodynamics of a black hole embedded in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We calculate the temperature and the entropy at every apparent horizon for arbitrary solution of the scale factor. We show that the temperature and entropy display a non-trivial behavior as functions of time. In the case of black holes immersed in universe driven by phantom energy, we show that for specific ranges of the equation-of-state parameter and apparent horizons the entropy is compatible with the D-bound conjecture, even the null, dominant and strong energy conditions are violated. In the case of accretion of phantom energy onto black hole with small Hawking-Hayward quasi-local mass, we obtain an equation-of-state parameter in the range $w\leq-5/3$, guaranteeing the validity of the generalized second law.
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