Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Dec 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agufm.p22d..10k&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #P22D-10
Computer Science
Sound
1224 Photogrammetry, 5464 Remote Sensing, 5494 Instruments And Techniques, 6225 Mars
Scientific paper
In only three decades, topographic mapping of Mars has progressed from the planetary to the personal scale. The first crude contour maps of the early 1970s, based on Earth-based radar and atmospheric occultation and sounding data, revealed such continental-scale features as the Tharsis bulge. Stereoanalysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter images filled in some of the details, yielding by the late 1980s a global digital elevation model (DEM) interpolated from 1-km contours and containing systematic errors of many km. This DEM was superseded in the 1990s by data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), with an accuracy <10 m vertically and ~ 100 m horizontally. MOLA has provided the definitive global map of Mars for the foreseeable future; its most significant weakness is its sample spacing (300 m along-track, with many gaps >1 km and a few up to 10 km between orbit tracks). Stereoanalysis of images from the narrow-angle Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC-NA) can be used to produce local DEMs with a vertical precision similar to MOLA (e.g., ~ 3 m for 3 m/pixel images with ~ 10° convergence), horizontal resolution of 3 pixels (~ 10 m for 3 m images), and control to MOLA for absolute accuracy comparable to the latter. Over 150 MOC-NA stereopairs have been identified, and more continue to be obtained. We will describe our use of the USGS cartographic system ISIS with commercial photogrammetric software SOCET SET (© BAE Systems) to produce DEMs from such pairs. This and similar work by other groups brings topographic mapping close to the scale of features seen from the ground and processes active at the present day. We are also using high-resolution stereo DEMs (and, in some cases, altimetry) as the starting point for calibration of photoclinometry, which yields DEMs with a horizontal resolution of one pixel and a local vertical precision of a small fraction of a pixel. The techniques we describe are directly applicable to other Mars imagers both present (THEMIS) and planned (HRSC, HiRISE). In particular, stereo imaging with HiRISE [Eliason et al., this conference] will yield DEMs with horizontal resolution ~ 1 m and vertical precision 10-20 cm, while photoclinometry will reduce these figures to 30 cm and <1 cm, surpassing the earliest maps by a factor of a million. Thus, within a few years it will be possible to map from orbit all but the finest details of what a geologist on the ground would experience.
Archinal Brent A.
Howington-Kraus Elpitha
Kirk Randolph L.
Soderblom Larry A.
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