Observations of Emerging Active Regions and Sunspot Formation from SDO/HMI

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Continuous high-resolution data of magnetic fields, Doppler velocity and intensity from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on SDO provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the process of formation of sunspots and active regions and compare with theoretical models. We analyze the HMI observations of an emerging active region and formation of sunspots. The results show that the sunspot formation involves accumulation of small-scale magnetic elements into a large-scale magnetic structure and substantial changes of the properties of convection in the region of flux emergence. We discuss the HMI capabilities for studying these processes, and compare the observations with results of numerical MHD simulations.

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