Some long-period properties of solar activity

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Secular Variations, Solar Cycles, Sunspots, Latitude, Periodic Variations, Statistical Analysis

Scientific paper

Waldmeier's (1957) indices characterizing the properties of individual 11-year cycles of solar activity indicate the existence of a longer cycle with a period equal to eight 11-year cycles (about 80 to 90 years). The present paper demonstrates that information about a possible periodicity of this type can also be obtained by examining sunspot formation during the initial phase of eight 11-year cycles investigated by Waldmeier. For example, it is shown that sunspot areas in the Northern Hemisphere during the first year of a cycle increased from the 12th (1879) to the 16th (1923) cycles and then decreased toward the 19th cycle (1954). It is noted that, according to Waldmeier, the coordinated mean Wolf numbers for the same period exhibited the same variation. Also, the heliographic longitude at which new sunspots preferentially originated in the Northern Hemisphere is found to recur periodically with a period equal to four 11-year cycles; such relationships are not observed for the Southern Hemisphere.

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