Optimal three-dimensional flight of a spacecraft between the lunar surface and an artificial satellite orbit.

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The authors analyze and numerically solve the problem of optimal three-dimensional flight between a circular artificial satellite orbit around the Moon and the lunar surface. The spacecraft is equipped with a high limited thrust jet engine. They study the optimal soft landing on the lunar surface from an orbit and the optimal ejection from the lunar surface into orbit. Transfers are accomplished by controlling the thrust vector. The gravitational field of the Moon is assumed to be central Newtonian. The authors determine the trajectories that minimize time, mass expenditure, and compromise functional between the time and mass expenditures. These problems are solved using the maximum principle, which reduces them to boundary problems for a system of nonlinear ordinary 13th and 14th order differential equations. The exact numerical solutions of these boundary problems are obtained using the shooting method, which involves selecting four to five unknown boundary conditions. The optimal trajectories are computed for wide ranges of parameter values.

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