Mar 1994
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994airsp...8...72r&link_type=abstract
Air & Space Smithsonian (ISSN 0886-2257), vol. 8, no. 6, p. 72-78
Other
Histories, Interplanetary Trajectories, Mariner-Mercury 1973, Scientists, Swingby Technique, Mariner 10 Space Probe, Research And Development
Scientific paper
Mariner 10 traveled to Mercury by using Venus' gravity to bend its course in toward the sun, a correction that would otherwise required vast amounts of rocket fuel. For the first time, an interplanetary spacecraft changed course not with rocket fuel but by using a planet's gravitational field. That maneuver stands, along with the development of the rocket engine, as one of the keys that opened the solar system for exploration. The Pioneer, Voyager, and Galileo missions all used gravity assist, and in fact would not have been possible otherwise. Gravity assist is the most efficient form of space propulsion known. Various aspects of the developmental history of the gravity assist technique and the dispute over who should receive credit for inventing the technique are discussed.
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