Mainstream silicon carbide grains from meteorites

Details Mainstream silicon carbide grains from meteorites Mainstream silicon carbide grains from meteorites

Mar 1997

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997aipc..402...27h&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical implications of the laboratory study of presolar materials. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 402, pp. 27-58 (19

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

86

Interstellar Dust Grains, Diffuse Emission, Infrared Cirrus, General, Solar Nebula, Cosmogony, Hydrostatic Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Scientific paper

Primitive meteorites contain small quantities (up to several ppm) of presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains. These grains show highly anomalous isotopic compositions of the major elements C and Si and of the trace elements N, Mg, Ca, Ti, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba, Nd, Sm, Dy, and the noble gases. The isotopic compositions of most grains (``Mainstream'' and the isotopically related minor type A, B, Y, and Z grains; ~99% of total) show imprints of H burning (enhanced 13C and 14N; production of 26Al). He burning (enhanced 12C and 22Ne), the s-process (enhancements in the s-process isotopes of the heavy trace elements and in the neutron-rich isotopes of Si, Ca, and Ti), the galactic chemical evolution (variations in Si and Ti), and the galactic cosmic-ray activity (production of 21Ne). These grains are believed to have formed in the outflows of low-mass (1-3 Msolar) AGB stars. Although many of the isotopic features are satisfactorily explained by current astrophysical models, several serious problems and shortcomings still exist. This includes N-isotopic compositions of some grains, the role of the galactic chemical evolution for Si and Ti, details of the s-process, and the lack of self-consistent stellar models in many cases. From the 21Ne abundance presolar cosmic-ray exposure ages of up to 130 (and possibly 2000) million years have been inferred, but uncertainties remain. The isotopic compositions of the mainstream grains from carbonaceous, enstatite, and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites do not indicate significant differences, compatible with the view that the different meteorite parent bodies sampled essentially the same reservoir of presolar SiC grains.

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