High resolution radar observations of the 1999, 2000 and 2001 Leonid meteor storms over middle Europe and Northern Scandinavia

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Meteors, Comets, Radar Astronomy, Atmosphere

Scientific paper

Observations of the Leonid meteor storms have been made with all-sky meteor radars at Juliusruh, Germany (54.6°N), at Kiruna, Sweden (67.9°N) and at Andenes, Norway (69.3°N) in 1999, 2000, and 2001. In the Juliusruh and Andenes experiments acquisition parameters were selected to acquire data at the highest possible rate with an optimum time resolution to locate as many meteors as possible as well as to determine the high entry velocities of the Leonid meteors. Height-dependent meteor rates and distributions of the meteor entry velocities were analyzed in the altitude range 80-115 km with a time-resolution of 10 min (1999 and 2000) and 20 min (2001). During each of the three storm periods, the Leonid storm activity was most prominent at altitudes above 100 km with counts much higher than usual and short-time variations in the Leonid activity were clearly revealed by the radars. Temporary peaks in the Leonid activity during the storms depicted in the radar observations were more pronounced than in the ZHR-curve derived from a multitude of visual observers.

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