Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2011-01-20
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
ApJ, accepted; 39 pages, 12 figures (animation of Figure 10 is available at http://www.physics.utah.edu/~bromley/migration/mig
Scientific paper
Planetary migration poses a serious challenge to theories of planet formation. In gaseous and planetesimal disks, migration can remove planets as quickly as they form. To explore migration in a planetesimal disk, we combine analytic and numerical approaches. After deriving general analytic migration rates for isolated planets, we use N-body simulations to confirm these results for fast and slow migration modes. Migration rates scale as 1/m (for massive planets) and 1/(1+(e_H/3)^3), where m is the mass of a planet and e_H is the eccentricity of the background planetesimals in Hill units. When multiple planets stir the disk, our simulations yield the new result that large-scale migration ceases. Thus, growing planets do not migrate through planetesimal disks. To extend these results to migration in gaseous disks, we compare physical interactions and rates. Although migration through a gaseous disk is an important issue for the formation of gas giants, we conclude that migration has little impact on the formation of terrestrial planets.
Bromley Benjamin C.
Kenyon Scott. J.
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