Particle acceleration in extragalactic jets by intense long-wavelength electromagnetic fields

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Galaxies: Jets, Acceleration Of Particles, Plasmas

Scientific paper

Many quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGN) appear in radio maps (and also in some cases in the optical and X-ray) as a bright nuclear sources from which emerge single or double long thin jets. When observed with high angular resolution these jets show structure with bright knots separated by relatively dark regions (Bridle & Eilek 1984; Thomson et al. 1993a). High percentages of polarization are observed, some-times more than 50%, which is well explained as the synchrotron radiation of the relativistic electrons in a weak but ordered magnetic fields. Estimation of the life time of these electrons, based on the observed luminosities and spectra, often gives values much less than their kinematic ages d/c, where d is the distance of the emitting point from the central source. Because the jet flow most likely originates from outbursts or continuous outflow from the central source, one comes to the necessity of continuous re-acceleration of electrons or in situ acceleration of electrons in the jets in order to explain the observations. Here, we propose that the time-dependent propagation of a relativistic jet leads to the formation of a boundary layer region filled with long-wavelength electromagnetic waves. In this region, charged particles are directly accelerated by the electric field of the waves.

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