Model of earlier stage of universe's evolution

Mathematics

Scientific paper

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Cosmology, Evolution (Development), Models, Symmetry, Universe, Vacuum, Einstein Equations, Singularity (Mathematics)

Scientific paper

A scenario of the evolution of the universe has been proposed on the basis of an open nonsingular model symmetric in time and consisting of four stages: (1) spontaneous breaking of the conformal symmetry in unified theories of the Weinberg-Salam type with gravitational background, assuming that only a conformal Higgs field and a gravitational field have nonzero averages in vacuum; (2) spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry of a Higgs field in a gravitational field; (3) generation of particles in a nonsteady gravitational field; (4) variation of the effective gravitational coupling. The model is initially cold and then becomes hot as particles are generated or phase transition occurs. The dynamics of this model and the corresponding earlier stage of evolution are determined by the time term in the Einstein equations, analysis and solution of which require that deviation of the scalar field from classical and a possible attendant effect on the polarization of vacuum be taken into account. The essential underlying feature of this model is the concept of evolution from a perfect vacuum and thus a cold state with subsequent expansion from a nonsingular state and expansion implied by the cosmological constant.

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