Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Sep 1979
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1979ap%26ss..65..179c&link_type=abstract
(Lunar and Planetary Institute, Workshop on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Dust Formation in the Space Medium, Houston, Tex., Se
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
19
Condensates, Cosmic Dust, Interstellar Matter, Novae, Nucleation, Stellar Mass Ejection, Supernova Remnants, Abundance, Chemical Equilibrium, Ejecta, Gas Density, Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Scientific paper
The thermal conditions leading to the rapid nucleation and growth of dust in astronomical explosions are examined. The contribution to nucleation physics lies only in the clarification of the ambient conditions where it apparently occurs. In both nova and interior shells of supernovae, dust precipitates in gas densities of the order of 10 to the -14th g/cu cm a few months after the explosion. The ambient conditions differ widely, however. Supernova condensation occurs in a thermal equilibrium, with photons, ions, electrons, and grains having equal temperatures. In novae huge disequilibria exist, with photon and electron temperatures near 50,000 K, photon energy density near 750 K, and forming refractory grains near 1800 K. In neither type of explosion can the condensed matter easily maintain chemical equilibrium with the total system. Interesting isotopic anomalies are trapped in both types of refractory condensate in the interstellar medium. The nova provides the best astronomical laboratory for observing the condensation.
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