Molecules at early epochs. II - H2 and CO toward PHL 957

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Astronomical Spectroscopy, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Ions, Molecular Clouds, Quasars, Stellar Evolution, Abundance, Lyman Spectra, Optical Thickness

Scientific paper

The authors present 1 Å resolution observations of the spectrum of the QSO PHL 957 obtained with the MMT spectrograph and examine the optically thick metal line absorption system at zabs = 2.309 that exhibits a damped Lyman-α line from which a neutral hydrogen column density of N(H) = 2.5×1021cm-2 is inferred. The authors search for absorption features of CO and H2 without success, and set limits of 2×10-8 and 4×10-6 for N(CO)/N(H) and 2N(H2)/N(H), respectively, lower than typical Galactic values by factors of 10 and 1.25×105. The authors use the inferred column densities of the first four stages of ionization of carbon, of H0 and limits on H2 to constrain the parameters of photoionization and chemical equilibrium models of the absorbing cloud.

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