Other
Scientific paper
Sep 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008epsc.conf..846k&link_type=abstract
European Planetary Science Congress 2008, Proceedings of the conference held 21-25 September, 2008 in Münster, Germany. Online a
Other
Scientific paper
Planets' satellites in the Solar system (rocky and icy) have in common one fundamental property: all of them move simultaneously in two orbits - around Sun and around their planets (planets have only one orbit in the Solar system). As was shown by the wave planetology [1-6] " orbits make structures'. This means that movements in elliptical keplerian orbits imply periodically changing increasing and decreasing accelerations. Multiplied by celestial body mass this produces inertia-gravity forces (Newton: F=m • a). These forces warp celestial bodies in form of standing waves propagating in rotating bodies in four interfering orthogonal and diagonal directions. This interference gives three kinds of regularly disposed tectonic blocks: uprising (+), subsiding (-), neutral (0)(Fig. 1). Their size depends on warping wavelengths. The fundamental wave1 and its first overtone wave2 (and weaker ones) are responsible for ubiquitous tectonic dichotomy - two hemispheres - segments and sectoring. These superimposed global tectonic features are adorned by tectonic granulations size of which is inversely proportional to orbital frequencies: higher frequency - smaller granule, lower frequency - larger granule. A row of the planets granulations is as follows: Mercury πR/16, Venus πR/6, Earth πR/4, Mars πR/2, asteroids πR/1, Jupiter 3πR, Saturn 7.5πR, Uranus 21πR, Neptune 41πR, Pluto 62πR (a granule size is a half of a wavelength; a scale is Earth with πR/4 granule corresponding to 1/1 year orbital frequency; R-radius). So, orbits make structures. They are simpler for planets, but much more complicated for moons. Their surfaces are saturated with granules related to two main frequencies and at least two modulated side frequencies. Two orbits imply a wave modulation. The lower circum-Sun frequency modulates the higher circum-planet frequency by dividing and multiplying it thus producing two side frequencies with corresponding waves and granules. In case of Titan for the first time the larger modulated granules were reported in pre-Cassini era in the Hubble ST images [5] (Fig. 2, 3). Titan rather extensively studied by imaging systems and radar presents now a good example of the wave modulations. It has two orbiting frequencies: around Sun -1/30 years, around Saturn -1/16 days. The corresponding main granule sizes are 7.5πR and πR/91, or 60641 and 88 km, the former size is too large to be directly observed (its wave probably influences only the whole shape of the satellite) and the latter is visible in the near IR image PIA06154 as chains and grids of hollows (about 70 to 100 km across) at intersections of crosscutting tight lineations covering the whole Titan's surface. This mode of granulation is also clearly presented in PIA03567. The modulated side frequencies give granules 662 and 12 km across (πR/12 and πR/667). Both sizes are discernable on Titan's radar image PIA08454. The first as roundish white and dark areas (these granules were discerned and calculated earlier on the Hubble image of Titan in pre-Cassini era [5]). The second size is produced by an intersection of regular wavings-ripples (erroneously interpreted as dunes) with spacing about 10- 20 km covering mainly smooth dark equatorial parts of the satellite. Thus, three granule sizes (662, 88, 12 km) are detected on Titan's surface by imaging from various distances and using different wave diapasons. The Xanadu water ice mountaneous equatorial area was imaged by radar on May 12, 2008 (Fig. 4, PIA10654). Three prominent ridges trending west-to-east are spaced about 25 km apart. In many places of the image are seen not very clear but discernable roundish spots about 10 to 20 km in diameter. Sometimes they are arranged in a row touching each other as in the area between two upper ridges. The best visible darkest spot at bottom center is about 20 km in diameter and shows polygonal outlines as do some other circular spots. Such structures could be interpreted as a manifestation of a wave woven pattern with granules belonging to the modulated ones - πR/667.
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