Galaxy number counts. I - Photographic observations to B = 23.5 mag

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Astronomical Photography, Astronomical Photometry, Cosmology, Galaxies, Absorption Spectra, Instrument Errors, Photographic Plates, Sky Surveys (Astronomy), Stellar Magnitude

Scientific paper

Galaxy number-magnitude counts and color distributions are presented from objectively defined catalogs of faint galaxies on three new fields in U, b(j), r(F) and I pass-bands, determined from COSMOS machine measurements of Anglo-Australian Telescope photographs. Three further fields analyzed in a similar way in earlier papers are recalibrated and used to investigate the variation in count normalization from field-to-field. The new data define the mean faint galaxy number-magnitude relation to + or - 9 percent. The aim is to determine whether the previously observed large scatter in the faint counts is due to galaxy clustering or some other systematic effect. After a detailed assessment of contamination, absorption, and photometric and other errors, it is concluded that the observed variation in both blue and red pass-bands can be accounted for by the combination of known galaxy clustering properties and several of these small measurement errors. The trend of the galaxy counts to have steeper slopes when measured at shorter wavelengths is confirmed.

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