Mars - The outstanding physical problems

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Mariner Space Probes, Mars Atmosphere, Mars Surface, Space Exploration, Viking Mars Program, Atmospheric Composition, Climatology, Mars 2 Spacecraft, Mars 3 Spacecraft, Meteorology, Topography, Viking Orbiter 1, Viking Orbiter 2

Scientific paper

Significant climatic and geological features of Mars, as revealed by the Mariner missions and by the limited results obtained by the Soviet probes Mars 2 and 3, are discussed. The most important physical problems to which the Viking 1 and 2 orbiters and landers may be expected to provide answers, including the presence or absence of argon and nitrogen in the atmosphere and the origin of surface features which appear to have been formed by flowing liquid, are outlined. During their descent to landing sites selected from several alternatives on the basis of orbiter observations, the landers will measure the composition of the upper atmosphere and electron and ion temperatures and concentrations down to an altitude of about 60 km. Pressure, density, temperature, and composition profiles will be obtained. Special attention will be devoted to the interaction of solar charged particles with the upper atmosphere.

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