Substorm morphology of greater-than 100 keV protons

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Energetic Particles, Geomagnetism, Polar Substorms, Proton Precipitation, Graphs (Charts), Latitude, Morphology, Night Sky, Time Response

Scientific paper

The latitudinal morphology of greater-than 100 keV protons at different local times has been studied as a function of substorm activity. A characteristic pattern is found: during quiet-times there is an isotropic zone centered around 67 deg near midnight, but located on higher latitudes towards dusk and dawn. This zone moves slightly equatorward during the substorm growth phase. During the expansive phase the precipitation spreads poleward apparently to about 71 deg near midnight. The protons are precipitated over a large local time interval on the nightside, but the most intense fluxes are found in the pre-midnight sector. A further poleward expansion, to more than 75 deg near midnight, seems to take place late in the substorm. Away from midnight, the expansion reaches even higher latitudes. During the recovery phase the intensity of the expanded region decreases gradually; the poleward boundary is almost stationary if the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a northward component and no further substorm activity takes place. Mainly protons with energy below about 500 keV are precipitated in the expanded region.

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