Deformation of Sedimentary Rocks in Valles Marineris

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[5464] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Remote Sensing, [5470] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Surface Materials And Properties, [8005] Structural Geology / Folds And Folding

Scientific paper

Deformation of sedimentary rocks is widespread within Valles Marineris with many occurrences of both brittle and plastic deformation identified in Melas, Candor and Ius Chasmata. Using HiRISE and CTX images, we identify four styles of deformation, contorted beds, blocky deposits, folded strata and fragmented strata. Contorted beds are detached rounded blocks of material with alternating dark and light-toned strata that show refolded folds with a fold wavelength of about one kilometer. The blocky deposits are also detached rounded blocks of material, but they only locally show evidence of layering. The folded strata are continuous layered materials that have been folded, and the trend of their fold axes is not uniform. The fragmented strata are areas that show evidenced of brittle deformation and fragments of strata that have broken off into small irregularly-shaped pieces. Some areas exhibit multiple styles of deformation and grade from one type of deformation into another. There are several possible mechanisms that could be responsible for the deformation in Valles Marineris including subaerial or subaqueous gravitational slumping or sliding, salt tectonics and soft-sediment deformation including impact-induced liquefaction (seismites). These mechanisms can be evaluated based on the types, scale and areal pattern of deformation they produce. The cause and timing of deformation could provide important constraints on whether these sedimentary deposits pre- or post-date the formation of Valles Marineris. Four types of deformation observed. A) Contorted beds; B) Blocky deposits; C) Folded strata; D) and E) show examples of fragmented strata.

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