Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Nov 1967
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1967gecoa..31.2151s&link_type=abstract
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 31, Issue 11, pp.2151-2167
Mathematics
Logic
1
Scientific paper
The sulfur cycle in Linsley Pond, Connecticut, was studied in 1963 and 1964 with sulfur-35 labelled sulfuric acid as a tracer. During the summer large quantities of the tracer disappeared from the hypolimnion and metalimnion. The loss of sulfate dissolved in water occurred predominantly at the mud-water interface. The reduction took place in the region of the hypolimnion as well as the metalimnion, and the rate of reduction did not seem to differ significantly between regions completely or partly devoid of oxygen. The reduction rate under fully aerobic conditions, such as found in the epilimnion was much smaller and was only one tenth of the reduction rate found in the lower regions of the lake. The diffusion of sulfates in the metalimnion and upper part of the hypolimnion (about 3-8 m depth) was very slow in vertical direction during full stratification. The diffusion coefficient of 1.4 × 10 -3 g cm -1 sec -1 for sulfate eddy diffusion was sufficiently small to prohibit sulfate exchange between hypolimnion and epilimnion. In contrast to the slow vertical diffusion process, diffusion in the horizontal direction is faster. Through this mechanism the sulfates are transported to the surrounding sediments, where reduction takes place. Therefore sulfate concentrations are about uniform at equal depth for a large section of the lake. Sulfur transport through sedimentation of biological material was negligible, even when compared with the slow vertical diffusion process. It is not important in the present sulfur cycle except for furnishing organic material for bacterial metabolism. The total budget, calculated from the sulfur-35 activities of water and of organic materials, indicates that most of the sulfur is stored as sulfate and sulfide in the water, and as sulfide in the sediments. The fraction taken up by organisms is small and does not influence the overall picture. The escape of hydrogen sulfide gas from the hypolimnion to the atmosphere through direct diffusion or through gas bubbles is small, if it happens at all, and cannot account for more than a few per cent of the total sulfur budget. Quantitative aspects of the sulfur cycle during stratification are given in a model.
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