Observations of upper atmospheric weather during solar minimum winter

Mathematics – Logic

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Atmospheric General Circulation Models, Atmospheric Temperature, Incoherent Scatter Radar, Solar Radiation, Thermosphere, Upper Atmosphere, Ionospheric Electron Density, Mesosphere, Meteorological Parameters

Scientific paper

The paper reports on a wide variety of thermospheric and ionospheric observations from three consecutive January World Day campaign periods. Despite remarkably similar geophysical conditions characterizing the in situ forcing of the upper atmosphere during these solar minimum campaigns, significant variability is found in the observations of the ionosphere and thermosphere, particularly at low latitudes in the American sector. Further observational evidence is presented of the unexpected exospheric temperature suppression at low latitudes initially reported by Hagan and Salah (1988). The paper discusses the lower and upper atmospheric coupling mechanisms of plausible importance to the interpretation of the observed thermospheric weather patterns. Evidence is reported that lower thermospheric nitric oxide number density and upward propagating atmospheric tides affected the thermospheric energy and momentum budgets during the campaign periods.

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