Other
Scientific paper
Apr 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989isvg.agarr....r&link_type=abstract
In AGARD, Ionospheric Structure and Variability on a Global Scale and Interactions with Atmosphere and Magnetosphere 21 p (SEE N
Other
Atmospheric Circulation, Backscattering, Particle Collisions, Planetary Ionospheres, Zonal Flow (Meteorology), Doppler Effect, Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields, Momentum Transfer
Scientific paper
Plasma (a minor constituent in planetary atmospheres) motion is narrowly linked with that of the neutrals as long as collisional coupling between neutral and charged particles is strong. At greater heights, both constituents are more and more decoupled and may move separately whenever forces are present which do only act upon charged particles. The most important difference between known planetary ionospheres is the absence or presence of a general magnetic field. While in the first condition the plasma moves freely, a magnetic field cannot provoke plasma motions of its own but restricts the motions provoked by other forces to one in either the direction parallel to the magnetic field or perpendicular to it. So, the motion patterns depend largely on the prevailing forces. Largely different conditions are found in the terrestrial ionosphere according to magnetic latitude. While at mid-latitudes mechanical forces mainly provoked by neutral winds are most important, electric forces cannot be neglected at low and high magnetic latitudes. Apart from such large scale motions, many small scale motions of more or less wave-like character are observed, in particular, internal gravity waves due to different causes. It is not always easy in local measurements to separate these localized motions from the large scale patterns. Different methods exist for observing plasma motions in the terrestrial ionosphere. Unfortunately, all of these can only be applied with caution. The spatial and temporal density of such local observations is unsatisfactory.
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