Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Apr 1992
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1992gecoa..56.1429p&link_type=abstract
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 56, Issue 4, pp.1429-1449
Mathematics
Logic
1
Scientific paper
During June 6-8, 1912, a new vent (Novarupta) near Mt. Katmai in the Aleutian Range of Alaska released the largest volcanic eruption of this century and the largest rhyolitic eruption in nearly twenty centuries. Spectacular fumaroles developed in the ash-flow sheet prompting Robert F. Griggs, who discovered the steaming valley in 1916, to name it the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). The Katmai Scientific Drilling Project was developed to advance understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved with explosive volcanism, through an interdisciplinary investigation of the Novarupta Vent and fissure fumaroles present in the ash-flow sheet. Novarupta Vent represents a unique target for subsurface geophysical and coring studies of structures and lithologies produced by explosive volcanism ( , National Academy of Sciences, 1989). Scientific expeditions sponsored by the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey were conducted during the summers of 1989 and 1990. Most of the surface studies are now complete and drilling is planned for 1994, contingent on successful completion of the National Environmental Policy Act process. One of the main objectives of this ambitious study is to determine the source, mechanisms, and thermal and chemical conditions of the fumarolic transport of elements that occurred following ash-flow emplacement. As part of the surface investigation, prior to drilling, a detailed geochemical study has been initiated involving the mass flux of nearly fifty major, minor, and trace elements using samples from fumarolic deposits located in distal (rhyolitic) and proximal (dacitic and andesitic) portions of the ash-flow sheet. Significant enrichments are observed in S, Br, Cl, F, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, Ni, As, Sb and Au in various portions of the fossil fumaroles. These enrichments correlate well with those determined in active, high-temperature fumarolic sublimates and indicate that most of these elements were transported to the surface early, in the vapor phase.
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