Secondary gammas in extensive air showers

Details Secondary gammas in extensive air showers Secondary gammas in extensive air showers

Jun 1993

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1993aipc..276..566t&link_type=abstract

The seventh international symposium on very high energy cosmic-ray interactions. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 276, pp. 56

Statistics

Scientific paper

A hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) program used to simulate the secondary gamma compositions of extensive air showers (EAS) at sea level initiated by vertical protons at primary energies 10, 100, 1000, and 10000 TeV at the top of the earth's atmosphere. Results in the fluctuations of the number of secondary gammas at detection level as well as their lateral distributions were reported. The densities, ρ(R), versus R for the secondary gamma and secondary electron components and their energy distributions were compared. A high enhancement of low energy secondary gammas over electrons was found (by a factor of 5.5 for 100 TeV proton primary). The ratios of the fluctuations in the number of secondary gammas to their average number are slightly smaller than ratio for secondary electrons. These this ratios decrease for increasing primary energy. The density of secondary gammas is found to be an order of magnitude larger than the density of secondary electrons for distances larger than 100 m from the shower core. This high density of secondary gammas can be utilized in timing arrays by placing a modest amount of lead above the scintillator to convert the gammas and give additional hits in the counter; these added hits are earlier in time and thus give added timing information over and above the increase in statistics.
In EAS arrays the additional number of detected hits provide additional information relative to the number of secondary particles at detection level and will thus yield a better estimate of the primary energy. As far as the usage of proportional wire chambers (PWC) and/or drift chambers to measure EAS is concerned, care must be taken to use the smallest amount of material in their construction to reduce the conversion of the high number of secondary gammas and thus better visualize tracks of charged particles without extraneous hits.

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