High energy cosmic ray observations during August 1972

Computer Science

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Forbush Decreases, Geomagnetism, Solar Cosmic Rays, Solar Flares, Anisotropy, Interplanetary Medium, Magnetic Storms, Relativistic Particles, Shock Fronts, Shock Wave Propagation, Solar Activity Effects, Solar Protons

Scientific paper

High-energy cosmic-ray observations made during the first half of August 1972 are reviewed in an effort to understand the complex interplanetary phenomena that accompanied the August events and to explain the cosmic-ray data recorded by ground-based monitors at that time. The general solar activity associated with these events is briefly summarized, and the main features of the observed cosmic-ray disturbances are discussed in relation to interplanetary field and plasma disturbances detected at the same time. Detailed anisotropy and spectral-energy characteristics of the two relativistic-particle enhancements and the three major Forbush decreases observed after the four giant flares of August are analyzed, concentrating on interplanetary-shock-wave propagation, ground-level events, and the phases of the largest Forbush decrease (2100-2200 UT on August 4). A unified model for this Forbush decrease is proposed which involves a transient cosmic-ray-modulating region associated with the passage of a narrow magnetic shock front.

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