An Update on Ultra-Heavy Elements in Solar Energetic Particles above 10 MeV/Nucleon

Details An Update on Ultra-Heavy Elements in Solar Energetic Particles above 10 MeV/Nucleon An Update on Ultra-Heavy Elements in Solar Energetic Particles above 10 MeV/Nucleon

Jun 2007

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007ssrv..130..335l&link_type=abstract

Space Science Reviews, Volume 130, Issue 1-4, pp. 335-340

Computer Science

2

Sun: Abundances, Sun: Particle Emission, Sun: Coronal Mass Ejections (Cmes), Sun: Flares

Scientific paper

Measurements below several MeV/nucleon from Wind/LEMT and ACE/ULEIS show that elements heavier than Zn ( Z=30) can be enhanced by factors of ˜100 to 1000, depending on species, in 3He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Using the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on ACE we find that even large SEP (LSEP) shock-accelerated events at energies from ˜10 to >100 MeV/nucleon are often very iron rich and might contain admixtures of flare seed material. Studies of ultra-heavy (UH) SEPs (with Z>30) above 10 MeV/nucleon can be used to test models of acceleration and abundance enhancements in both LSEP and 3He-rich events. We find that the long-term average composition for elements from Z=30 to 40 is similar to standard solar system values, but there is considerable event-to-event variability. Although most of the UH fluence arrives during LSEP events, UH abundances are relatively more enhanced in 3He-rich events, with the (34< Z<40)/O ratio on average more than 50 times higher in 3He-rich events than in LSEP events. At energies >10 MeV/nucleon, the most extreme event in terms of UH composition detected so far took place on 23 July 2004 and had a (34< Z<40)/O enhancement of ˜250 300 times the standard solar value.

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