Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy. III - Correction for macroscopic roughness

Details Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy. III - Correction for macroscopic roughness Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy. III - Correction for macroscopic roughness

Jul 1984

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1984icar...59...41h&link_type=abstract

Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035), vol. 59, July 1984, p. 41-59. NASA-supported research.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

306

Astronomical Photometry, Bidirectional Reflectance, Optical Correction Procedure, Planetary Surfaces, Spectral Reflectance, Surface Roughness Effects, Albedo, Brightness Distribution

Scientific paper

A mathematically rigorous formalism is derived by which an arbitrary photometric function for the bidirectional reflectance of a smooth surface may be corrected to include effects of general macroscopic roughness. The correction involves only one arbitrary parameter, the mean slope angle, and is applicable to surfaces of any albedo. Using physically reasonable assumptions and mathematical approximations, the correction expressions are evaluated analytically to second order in the mean slope angle. The correction is applied to the bidirectional-reflectance function of Hapke (1981). Expressions for both the differential and integral brightnesses are obtained. Photometric profiles on hypothetical smooth and rough planets of low and high albedo are shown to illustrate the effects of macroscopic roughness. The theory is applied to observations of Mercury and predicts the integral phase function, the apparent polar darkening, and the lack of limb brightness surge on the planet. The roughness-corrected bidirectional-reflectance function is sufficiently simple that it can be conveniently evaluated on a programmable hand-held calculator.

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