Filling the Yellow Void: A Census of F & G Supergiants in M31

Details Filling the Yellow Void: A Census of F & G Supergiants in M31 Filling the Yellow Void: A Census of F & G Supergiants in M31

Jan 2009

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009aas...21340709d&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #213, #407.09; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 41, p.204

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Scientific paper

The F and G supergiant content of nearby galaxies provide a critical test of stellar evolution theory, ``bridging the gap" between the hot, massive stars and the cool red supergiants.
But, this region of the color-magnitude diagram is dominated by foreground contamination. Fortunately, the large negative systemic velocity of M31 coupled to its high rotation rate provides the means for separating the foreground dwarfs from the bona fide supergiants within M31. During the fall of 2006 we obtained radial velocities of 2901 individual targets within the correct color-magnitude range using the 6.5-m MMT telescope and Hectospec fiber spectrograph.
After a comparison with the velocities predicted by the rotation curve of M31, we found 54 definite and 66 likley M31 yellow supergiants, indicating a foreground contamination > 97%. We compare the location of these supergiants to the Geneva evolutionary tracks in the HR-diagram. There is some indication that the current tracks may not extend to sufficiently cool temperatures at high luminosities, but that result rests on three "probable" members. A much stronger conclusion, however, can be drawn from the relative number of F and G supergiants as a function of luminosity (mass): the current tracks predict many times more high luminosity F and G supergiants that are actually seen, assuming a normal IMF, suggesting that their lifetimes are too long (relative to that of lower-mass supergiants) by about a factor of 100.

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